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![Stripped (2022) [Collywood]](https://i0.wp.com/korevibes.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/MV5BMTM2NjkzZDgtYTFiNC00NGQwLTkzOWMtN2Y2MzM3NjNjYmJjXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNzc5NDg5Mjc@._V1_.jpg?resize=708%2C1041&ssl=1 "Stripped (2022) [Collywood]")
A young woman strips herself of her true identity in order to find true love in the slums.
VIDEO INFORMATION
Filename: Stripped.2022
Filesize: 345.27 MB
Duration: 01:51:42
Imdb: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt21907562
Title: Stripped
Year: 2022
Type: Movie
Country: Cameroon
Language: English
Director: Enah Johnscott
Genre: Drama
Stars: Lizzy Agem, Lydia Ayuk, Soli Egbe, Lina Ikeju, Nchifor Vallery, Onyama Laura
Subtitle: English
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It Also supports subtitle if stated on the post (Subtitle: English).
It Also supports subtitle if stated on the post (Subtitle: English).
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